Heads-Up Play: Nash & Exploitative

Heads-up is the purest form of poker. Every hand is played against a single opponent, and ranges are extremely wide.

Preflop Ranges

**Button/SB open**: Raise 70-100% of hands (most hands are profitable to open HU)

**BB defense**: Defend very wide (~60-80%) due to pot odds

**3-betting**: Use a polarized range against wide opens

**C-bet frequently**: Your range advantage as the raiser is significant HU

**Defend wide as the BB**: You cannot fold too much or the opener auto-profits

**Barrel aggressively**: One pair is often strong enough to bet three streets HU

The Nash equilibrium for HU push/fold is fully solved:

**12bb effective**: SB shoves ~45% of hands, BB calls ~30%

**8bb effective**: SB shoves ~55%, BB calls ~35%

**5bb effective**: SB shoves ~70%, BB calls ~40%

**Vs calling stations**: Value bet more, bluff less

**Vs over-folders**: Bluff more frequently, bet smaller for value

**Vs aggressive players**: Check-raise more, trap with strong hands

**Vs passive players**: Bet every hand, steal relentlessly

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